Purpose.The purpose of this work is to determine the energy losses in the shock absorber of the freight car whose wheel-set moves in the derailed state on the track panel depending on the axle load and structural parameters of spring suspension.Methodology.On the basis of spring suspension construction analysis and operating principle of the fricti
Global warming, climate change, greenhouse gasses, floods, drought years, and desertification have an impact on the environment.Naturally, the environment of Bnaslawa district (Dashti Hawler) in Erbil City-Iraqi Kurdistan region is affected by the global environmental changes.This research focused on the assessment of environmental parameters, plan
Abstract Trait-based analyses have shown great potential to advance our understanding of terrestrial ecosystem processes and functions.However, challenges remain in adequately synthesising a multidimensional and covarying trait space.Reducing the number of studied traits while identifying the most informative ones is increasingly recognized as a pr